YaCy is the leading distributed search.Īnonymity Networks: The anonymity Tor Onion and I2P provides leads to more willingness to host content that would otherwise be censored. ZeroNet was the first DHT to support dynamic and updateable webpages. Freenet's model is that "true freedom requires true anonymity." Later BitTorrent was developed to allocate resources with high performance and fairness. Gnutella was the first sustainable hosting by decentralization. Napster was the first peer to peer platform but got technically closed due to centralized bootstrapping vulnerabilities. Alternative Platformsĭecentralized Hosting: Content creators may publish to an alternative platform which is willing to host ones content. RSS aggregators: RSS aggregators such as Feedly may be able to receive and pass on RSS feeds that are blocked when accessed directly.
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Mirror and archive sites: Copies of web sites or pages may be available at mirror or archive sites such as the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine or Archive.today. For example, Google allows the retrieval of cached pages by entering "cache: some-url" as a search request. Mirrors, caches, and copiesĬached pages: Some search engines keep copies of previously indexed webpages, or cached pages, which are often hosted by search engines and may not be blocked. The BitDNS discussion began in 2010 with a desire to achieve names that are decentralized, secure and human readable. Decentralized namespaces enable censorship resistant domains. For example, the following URLs all access the same site, although not all browsers will recognize all forms: (dotted decimal), (decimal), (dotted octal), (hexadecimal), and (dotted hexadecimal).īlockchain technology is an attempt to decentralize namespaces outside the control of a single entity. Depending on how the filtering is implemented, it may be possible to use different forms of the IP address, such as by specifying the address in a different base. Using alternative DNS servers, or public recursive name servers (especially when used through an encrypted DNS client), may bypass DNS-based blocking. If DNS resolution is disrupted but the site is not blocked in other ways, it may be possible to access a site directly through its IP address or modifying the host file.
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For example, the English Wikipedia is available at Main Page, and there is also a mobile-formatted version at Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Some websites may offer the same content at multiple pages or domain names. Sites are sometimes accessible through alternate names and addresses that may not be blocked. There are many methods available that may allow the circumvention of Internet filtering, which can widely vary in terms of implementation difficulty, effectiveness, and resistance to detection.įilters may block specific domain names, either using DNS hijacking or URL filtering.
Additionally, there are solutions that rely on gaining access to an Internet connection that is not subject to filtering, often in a different jurisdiction not subject to the same censorship laws, using technologies such as proxying, Virtual Private Networks, or anonymization networks. Techniques using website mirrors or archive sites rely on other copies of the site being available at different locations. Some methods, such the use of alternate DNS servers, evade blocking by using an alternate address or address lookup system to access the site. Various techniques and methods are used to bypass Internet censorship, and have differing ease of use, speed, security, and risks. Internet censorship circumvention is the use of various methods and tools to bypass internet censorship.
Short description: Methods to bypass internet censorship
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