This review will focus with the recent advances made in the development of formulation and delivery systems of Trichoderma to enhance its biocontrol efficacy against plant pathogens.
Conidia and chlamydospores withstand adverse environmental conditions, which made them the natural choice as propagules in formulations ( Jin et al., 1991 Papavizas, 1985). The use of hyphae is not an option due to its lack of resistance to dehydration. Three kinds of propagules can be used in formulations: hyphae, chlamydospores and conidia ( Howell, 2003). Both solid and liquid formulations are used to produce suitable quantities of active and viable inocula of Trichoderma. Once the biocontrol agent is identified and is proven effective against plant pathogens over several reproducible results, the method of mass production, formulation and application should be taken into consideration to stabilize the product during storage and to facilitate its delivery to the plant. The first step in the biocontrol study is the identification of promising biocontrol agent. According to Harman (1991), the development of biological control systems depends on three crucial components: (1) a highly effective biocontrol agent (2) production of a high level of effective and viable propagules and (3) delivery systems conducive to the bioprotectant that provide a competitive advantage to the biocontrol agent relative to other microflora. Renewed interest in biological control using Trichoderma, a soil-borne fungus and decomposer is in line with ensuring environmental sustainability and productive and sustainable agriculture by applying the principles of ecology to disease control ( Cumagun, 2012). Cumagun, in Biotechnology and Biology of Trichoderma, 2014 Introductionīiological control of plant pathogens has become an integral component of pest management in light of the environmental and health issues attributed to the use of fungicides in agriculture.
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